Bull Riding injury Risks

Bull Riding injury Risks Hardest Sport on Dirt Bull riding is an outrageous game with genuine dangerous dangers however have little limitation in the security hardware that is expected to ensure these competitors. Hockey, football, and even baseball all have been ordered to wear wellbeing cap to shield them from injury. For more up to date outrageous games, such as snowboarding and skateboarding, the utilization of a head protector is once in a while discussed any longer. Each break of the chute, bull riders face risk as genuine as the horns, feet and hard heads of bulls that can gauge a ton or more.(usatoday) Professional bull riders should meet a similar wellbeing gear prerequisites as some other physical game. Attempting to clutch the rope and not be hurled like a cloth doll on a back of a bull for eight seconds is more hazardous than playing hockey or football, in which these games require head protectors. With regards to protective caps, this little bit of froth and plastic can spare a bull riders life. Simply preparing for this game can be grievous The idea of this game is fierce and isn't one-sided. Any rider can be harmed. Despite the fact that caps are genuinely new and perhaps awkward head and spinal wounds can be forestalled with their utilization. No competitor in any game can stand rehashed blackouts. In bull riding there are three significant occasions when head wounds can happen. A bull rider can be jolted hurled forward and hammer his head on a bulls horns. In the event that the rider arrives at eight second getting off can be risky. They could get their hand tied up in the rope that is around the bull and be stepped while attempting to get the rider free. A rider can be fiercely tossed noticeable all around and dropped to the hard soil. It is capricious how their head is going to land and ingest the stun of the impact.â It is good judgment that we think carefully for spe culation and everyday body capacities, without it we would simply be in a vegetative state Since we do all our intuition with our cerebrums and our minds are housed in our minds, we ought to do all that we can to secure this significant resource. Wearing a protective cap should become obligatory soon. It just bodes well to secure something as fragile and powerless as ones head. Rodeo, a game where the cowhand cap is as much a symbol as a kicking mustang, has been hesitant to require its riders to wear helmets.(Brown) Lee Akin encountered the results clench hand of not wearing a head protector. At the point when a bull weighing about a ton stepped on Lee Akins head one year prior at an Alabama rodeo, specialists didnt think the four-time PBR finalist would live. (Godfrey)Â Another proficient bull rider, Jerome Davis, met his destiny in the fall of 1997. He collided with the bull. Davis was yanked back and hit his head against the creature. Heâ was thumped oblivious and tumbled to the ground head first. The effect caused aâ fracture/separation of the seventh vertebrae at the base of his neck. The 6th vertebraeâ exploded and broke. He was incapacitated starting from the neck.( Hollen) With regards to wounds An investigation of about 2,000 expert rodeo occasions somewhere in the range of 1981 and 2005 found that halfâ of all wounds happened during bull riding. Knee and shoulder wounds are most common,â according to Downey, yet most disturbing are the head wounds. Blackouts account forâ nearly 9 percent of all bull riding wounds, he notes.( Rueters) Bull riders can't miss an occasion regardless of whether their wounds are minor yet need time to mend. At the point when a bull rider gets harmed and can't contend, he tumbles down in his rankings, taking a chance with his title and salary. So realizing that, they keep on contending with blackouts and other broken or disjoined body parts. With respect to the cattle rustlers who do wear a protective cap life span is by all accounts a typical subject ( Geupel) We realize the cowpoke cap holds extraordinary customs of bull riders. Most likely this image is important to each one of the individuals who carry on with this life. Before the occasion ride, after the ride and at all different occasions, is the point at which the cattle rustler cap can be worn. Lets not lose our heads and start our youngsters on the correct foot with utilizing a cap from the very first moment.

Thesis(Research) Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Postulation( ) - Research Proposal Example While this is the situation, no examination has been directed about the Chinese students’ experience of acculturative pressure or culture stun in the Canadian condition. This investigation looks to fill this information hole. Theory This investigation estimates that diverse ecological factors, for example, settlement, spot, and school type sway in transit Chinese understudies in Canada adjust to cultural assimilation stress. Destinations 1. To build up the degree to which Chinese universal understudies in Canada experience the ill effects of acculturative worry in their first year study. 2. To build up how Chinese universal understudies in Canada experience the ill effects of acculturative worry in their first year study. 3. To build up the diverse condition changes that Chinese universal understudies in Canada experience that lead them to encounter acculturative pressure. 4. To think of proposals that will help Chinese universal understudies in Canada beat acculturative press ure Research Questions 1. What exactly degree do Chinese universal understudies in Canada experience the ill effects of acculturative worry in their first year study? 2. How do Chinese worldwide understudies in Canada experience the ill effects of acculturative worry in their first year study? 3. ... In light of these experiences, the arrangement producers can create successful strategies to manage acculturative difficulties. The consequences of the examination might be imperative to Chinese understudies trying to concentrate in remote nations as it might enable them to comprehend what's in store and manage culture stun. Directors, principals and teachers of instructive establishments may discover the consequences of the investigation significant as they may get an understanding into how to help Chinese understudies in outside conditions adjust quick to new learning situations and societies. Writing Review Over the recent years, the quantity of understudies leaving China to concentrate abroad (for the most part the U.S.A., U.K., Australia, and Canada) has been developing at an expected 20% every year (Gu, 2013). A report by China’s Ministry of Education demonstrated that around 340,000 understudies from China looked for instruction abroad in 2011 (Xu, 2012). In 2012 alone, as indicated by the United Nations, one in each global understudy was Chinese. Passing by current patterns, it is assessed that there are in excess of 490,000 Chinese understudies in different instructive establishments abroad in 2013 (Xu, 2012). The general pattern toward the inclination to concentrate abroad among Chinese understudies is driven by the conviction that training outside the guests of China is progressively methodical and far reaching, and that the experience is better than they in any case would get in China. Different understudies are propelled by the way that they don't need to sit for and breeze through college passage tests when they select to seek after training in outside instructive establishments (Anonymous, 2013). Like different migrants, Chinese understudies concentrating in remote nations typically experience acculturative pressure and its belongings. Acculturative pressure is a

How to Write an Eye-Catching Activity Resume

How to Write an Eye-Catching Activity Resume How to Write an Eye-Catching Activity Resume How to Write an Eye-Catching Activity Resume You probably never knew that taking French could help you with anything other than learning the correct pronunciation of “macaron” and the crucial definition of “escargot.” Who knew it could also help you with your college applications? Whip out those dual-language dictionaries and look up the word “résumé.” The translation is pretty simple: a summary or recap. Many schools will ask you for an “activity resume,” and the Coalition and Common Application have separate sections specifically for activities and extracurriculars, so it’s really easy to overthink this piece of the application. If you’ve never written a resume before, getting started can be incredibly daunting, but remember: it’s just a straightforward summary of your education and experience. You can get creative in your application essay. In fact, these two parts of the application â€" the essay and the activity resume â€" can often build on each other. So, if you’re wondering what you should do now that you’ve taken the SAT and your AP exams, the answer is start working on your activity resume! As you flesh out this list of your experiences and accomplishments, you’ll start to get a feel for the snapshot an admissions officer will see when scanning through your application. You’ll spark memories that could turn into essays, and you’ll begin to notice where your resume seems incomplete. After working on your resume, you might realize, “I have so much more to say about your Student Senate campaign!” or, “It’s really clear that I’m an excellent baseball player. Maybe I should write about something else to show that I’m well-rounded and different from the other baseball players applying to college this year.” But for now, we just want you to take a deep breath, remember that this is just a summary , and follow these five steps. 1. Pick a Clear and Consistent Format Googling “resume examples” or “resume templates” will yield an array of results that are strikingly similar. A professional resume format might be spot-on for job applications, and it might even be perfect for your own extracurricular experiences (if, for example, you had jobs or internships in high school and didn’t participate in many clubs), but it’s not necessarily the most appropriate set-up for an activity resume. As you’ll see below, there are very specific ways that you should categorize and organize your work, which may not fit neatly into the standard professional format. So test out a few different options before you settle on one. Try a grid or timeline; check out what other applicants have done. The idea is to pick a structure that will clearly showcase your accomplishments and which will easily work for each section you create. 2. Create Sections Strategically Yet another reason to deviate from the professional resume format: a typical resume tends to have two main sections, education and experience. Your resume will be easier to read, and paint a more dynamic picture, if you come up with more specific categories to describe your main activities and accomplishments. Some examples that we see fairly frequently include: school activities, athletics, arts, publications, summer programs, employment, and volunteering. You get the gist. Just remember not to get too granular. Any section you create should contain more than one or two lines. You may need to get creative in combining your sections. For example, we know a lot of folks who combine their employment and volunteering experience into a single section. You’ll figure a lot of this out by trial and error, and at the end of the day, you’ll have a resume with headings that already speak volumes about who you are as a student and person. 3.  Make Your Growth Clear Chances are, if you’ve been in the chess club since freshman year, you’ve taken on some additional roles and responsibilities over the years. So, instead of simply saying, “Chess club, grades 9-11,” consider breaking it down: “Chess club, member, grades 9-10” and “Chess club, treasurer, grade 11.” You can do this for any activity: Did you become a starter on the soccer team during your sophomore year? Did you slowly move up the ranks in the school newspaper? As your roles and responsibilities change, you can create new lines on your resume to reflect your growth, commitment, and leadership over time. 4. Limit Descriptions to the Highlights Another reason to create specific sections, and to offset your leadership roles, is that description space is at a premium. The Common App and Coalition provide strict character limits, and admissions officers don’t look to your resume for your life story (that’s what the essay is for). Contain your descriptions to 1-2 sentences that detail your primary responsibilities or accomplishments. For activities that are close to your heart, save the intimate details for an essay. You may not want to write about any of your activities in your personal statement, but many schools will ask you to submit a supplemental essay about an activity of your choice. So remember, this isn’t your only shot to expound on the importance of JV squash. 5. Don’t Undersell Yourself In your lifetime, short as it may seem, you have accomplished a lot. When you limit yourself to the specific activities that have defined your school life, you overlook lots of other key experiences. So, when you begin the resume-writing process, throw in the kitchen sink. List out anything you have done that isn’t a class in school that has had an impact on you in the past 3-4 years of your life â€" any program, any job, any club. Group all of these activities into categories and begin to flesh out your roles and growth. Suddenly â€" ta da! â€" you have a robust resume that reflects many facets of your stellar personality. Of course, you don’t want to overdo it. Limit yourself to high school and be honest about your work and commitment. You can do this. Actually, you’ve already done it. About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Want to know more about the activity essay? We've got you covered. LEARN MORE »

Mercury Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Mercury is the only metallic element that is a liquid at room temperature. This dense metal is atomic number 80 with element symbol Hg. This collection of mercury facts includes atomic data, the electron configuration, chemical and physical properties, and history of the element. Mercury Basic Facts Symbol: HgAtomic Number: 80Atomic Weight: 200.59Element Classification: Transition MetalCAS Number: 7439-97-6Mercury Periodic Table LocationGroup: 12Period: 6Block: d Mercury Electron Configuration Short Form: [Xe]4f145d106s2Long Form: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d106s2Shell Structure: 2 8 18 32 18 2 Mercury Discovery Discovery Date: Known to the ancient Hindus and Chinese. Mercury has been found in Egyptian tombs dating to 1500 B.C.Name: Mercury derives its name from the association between the planet Mercury and its use in alchemy. The alchemical symbol for mercury was the same for the metal and the planet. The element symbol, Hg, is derived from the Latin name hydragyrum meaning water silver. Mercury Physical Data State at room temperature (300 K): LiquidAppearance: heavy silvery white metalDensity: 13.546 g/cc (20  °C)Melting Point: 234.32 K (-38.83  °C or -37.894  °F)Boiling Point: 356.62 K (356.62  °C or 629.77  °F)Critical Point: 1750 K at 172 MPaHeat of Fusion: 2.29 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 59.11 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 27.983 J/mol ·KSpecific Heat: 0.138 J/g ·K (at 20  °C) Mercury Atomic Data Oxidation States: 2 , 1Electronegativity: 2.00Electron Affinity: not stableAtomic Radius: 1.32 Ã…Atomic Volume: 14.8 cc/molIonic Radius: 1.10 Ã… (2e) 1.27 Ã… (1e)Covalent Radius: 1.32 Ã…Van der Waals Radius: 1.55 Ã…First Ionization Energy: 1007.065 kJ/molSecond Ionization Energy: 1809.755 kJ/molThird Ionization Energy: 3299.796 kJ/mol Mercury Nuclear Data Number of isotopes: There are 7 naturally occurring isotopes of mercury..Isotopes and % abundance: 196Hg (0.15), 198Hg (9.97), 199Hg (198.968), 200Hg (23.1), 201Hg (13.18), 202Hg (29.86) and 204Hg (6.87) Mercury Crystal Data Lattice Structure: RhombohedralLattice Constant: 2.990 Ã…Debye Temperature: 100.00 K Mercury Uses Mercury is amalgamated with gold to facilitate the recovery of gold from its ores. Mercury is used to make thermometers, diffusion pumps, barometers, mercury vapor lamps, mercury switches, pesticides, batteries, dental preparations, antifouling paints, pigments, and catalysts. Many of the salts and organic mercury compounds are important. Miscellaneous Mercury Facts Mercury compounds with the 2 oxidation states are known as mercuric in older texts. Example: HgCl2 was known as mercuric chloride.Mercury compounds with the 1 oxidation state are known as mercurous in older texts. Example: Hg2Cl2 was known as mercurous chloride.Mercury is rarely found free in nature. Mercury is harvested from cinnabar (mercury(I) sulfide - HgS). It is extracted by heating the ore and collecting the mercury vapor produced.Mercury is also known by the name quicksilver.Mercury is one of the few elements that is liquid at ordinary room temperatures.Mercury and its compounds are highly poisonous. Mercury is readily absorbed across unbroken skin or though the respiratory or gatroinstestinal tract. It acts as a cumulative poison.Mercury is very volatile in air. When room temperature air (20 °C) is saturated with mercury vapor, the concentration greatly exceeds the toxic limit. The concentration, and thus the danger, increases at higher temperatures.Early alchemists believ ed all metals contained varying amounts of mercury. Mercury was used in many experiments to transmute one metal into another.Chinese alchemists believed mercury promoted health and extended life and included it with several medicines.Mercury readily forms alloys with other metals, called amalgams. The term amalgam literally means alloy of mercury in Latin.An electrical discharge will cause mercury to combine with the noble gases argon, krypton, neon, and xenon.Mercury is one of the heavy metals. Many metals have a higher density than mercury, yet are not considered to be heavy metals. This is because heavy metals are both extremely dense and highly toxic. Sources Eisler, R. (2006). Mercury hazards to living organisms. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-9212-2.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.Norrby, L.J. (1991). Why is mercury liquid? Or, why do relativistic effects not get into chemistry textbooks?. Journal of Chemical Education. 68 (2): 110. doi:10.1021/ed068p110Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4. Return to the Periodic Table

Convert Between Degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius

Converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales is useful if you are working temperature conversion problems, work in a lab, or simply want to know how hot or cold it is in a country that uses the other scale! Its easy to make the conversion. One way is to look at a thermometer that has both scales and simply read the value. If youre doing homework or need to do a conversion in a lab, youll want the calculated values. You can use an online temperature converter or else do the math yourself.   Celsius to Fahrenheit Degrees The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is: F 1.8 C 32 Multiply the Celsius temperature by 1.8.Add 32 to this number.Report the answer in degrees Fahrenheit. Example: Convert 20 °C to Fahrenheit. F 1.8 C 32F 1.8 (20) 321.8 x 20 36 so F 36 3236 32 68 so F 68 °F20 °C 68 °F Fahrenheit to Celsius Degrees Its easy to work the conversion the other way. The formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius is: C 5/9 (F-32) Subtract 32 from the degrees Fahrenheit.Multiply the value by 5.Divide this number by 9.Report the answer in degrees Celsius. Example: Convert body temperature in Fahrenheit (98.6 °F) to Celsius. C 5/9 (F-32)C 5/9 (98.6 - 32)98.6 - 32 66.6 so you have C 5/9 (66.6)66.6 x 5 333 so you have C 333 / 9333 / 9 37 °C98.6 °F 37 °C Converting to the Kelvin Scale Other common conversions are between Fahrenheit and Kelvin and between Celsius and Kelvin: Convert Fahrenheit to KelvinConvert Celsius to Kelvin

Management Programme Term-End Examination Free Essays

December, 2005 MS95 (S) : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR MANAGEMENT DECISIONS Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 100 (Weightage 70%) Note : (i) This paper contains two sections, Section A and B. Section A contains five questions. Attempt any four questions from this section. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Programme Term-End Examination or any similar topic only for you Order Now Section B is compulsory (ii) Statistical tables may be provided. (iii) Use of own non-programmable calculator is allowed. SECTION A 1. A local supermarket has experienced a decline in unit sales and little change in rupee value sales. Profits have almost vanished. The chief executive in searching for ways to revitalize the operation, was advised to increase the number of hours the market is open for business. He comes to you for advice in structuring a research problem that will provide relevant information for decision making, Define the research problem taking care to : (15) (a) state the relevant question. (b) enumerate the alternative answers. (c) clearly define the units of analysis and characteristics of interest. 2. A sample may be large yet worthless because it is not random; or it may be random but unreliable because it is small. † Comment upon the above statement and explain the importance of sampling in daily life. (15) 3. What do you understand by factor analysis ? Mention the purpose and uses of factor analysis. (15) 4. What are the seven elements of communication, which are relevant for making a presentation ? Discuss. (15) 5. Write short notes on any three of the following : (15) (a) Objective characteristics and Inferred characteristics (b) Editing of primary data c) Operating and Strategic decisions (d) Ordinal Scale (e) Audio-visual aids in presentation of reports SECTION B 6. Describe the semantic differential scale. Use the semantic differential technique to develop the profile of three television manufacturing companies in India. (20) 7. A random sample of 30 students obtained the following marks in a class test : (20) Test the hypothesis that their median score is more than 50. 58 55 25 32 26 85 44 80 33 72 10 42 15 46 64 39 38 30 36 65 72 46 54 36 89 94 25 74 66 29 How to cite Management Programme Term-End Examination, Essay examples

Colors and Personality free essay sample

People of all generations and cultures have used color to express feelings and emotion. Color preferences are personal expressions for life such as using in clothes, shoes, bags, room painting, and etc. Although some of the colors are the popular for the fashion, people mostly chose the color which expresses themselves. Some people refrain from using color because they do not understand how to use it or hesitate not to reflect their soul. All of these illustrates that colors have personal trait to reflect personalities. Many people are not aware that colors have influence on them. They seldom realize colors around them are affected by their mood, temperament, and behavior. Colors are clues about personality traits. On the other hands intensity, value, and hue are the three essential qualities of color. In terms of these properties of the colors, objects we see, stimulate our emotions. This is the warmth and the coolness of the color we see. We will write a custom essay sample on Colors and Personality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Statement of the problem The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between color preferences and personality and effects of coolness and warmth of the color on preferences. Review of related literature Color choices represent social consequences to express us to other people and influence how others perceive us. Lange et al. (2005) showed that people’s color preferences, as accessed via the Dewey Color System Test, provide meaningful information about their personalities, interpersonal styles, and behaviors. Lange also found that people’s vocational interest can be inferred from their color preferences. Lange (2005) found that respondents’ color preferences present most powerful predictors of their social boldness personality treats and least predictors of their apprehension personality treat. Luscher (1971) proposed that individuals with similar color preferences have also similar personality characteristics. He supposed that physiological reactions while viewing primary colors such as blue, red, yellow and green reveal psychological needs of the individuals. For example, when the primary color is not liked this is regarded as unmet physiological and psychological need. However, these reactions change according to intensity value and hue of the color (Bjersedt, 1960). Crozier (1999) proposes that color is a determinant element for human and other species. According to evolutionary perspective ability to discriminate colors and tendencies to approach some and avoid others is essential for surviving. Crozier(1999) emphasizes on effect of stimuli which are color patches on commercial behavior. He showed that blue is the most preferred and most pleasant hue and yellow and orange are less liked. Preference of color is a multidimensional experience. this preference depends on hue, saturation and brightness (Crozier, 1999). He found that illumination, background color and interactive effects of color affect preferences (1999). Bjerstedt (1960) found that warm color such as red and cool colors such as blue trigger associational themes and found that these differences demonstrated among various nationality and language groups. He showed that different individual preferences for warm versus cool colors indicated different personality traits. For example, warm color patterns represented certain behavior tendencies such as activity, directedness, and need gratification. Bjerstedt (1960) showed that younger people choose the warm color patterns more often than older people do. Colors reflect an emotional valence for people, which is related to their attitudes. (Colt et al. , 2003) . On the other hands, Colt et al. (2003) demonstrated that the position of the color, central or peripheral, influence feel of the image. Color in the centre seemed more concentrated feel to the image. Radeloff (1999) found that attributes of the visual experience are subcomponent of the human experience in relation to colors. He found that fabrics in summer and winter colors were not significantly different from one another but were significantly more preferred than spring colors and autumn colors were the least preferred. These findings shows that cool based clothing fabrics are more preferred than warm based fabrics. Several variations need to be made about this research. Main object of this study is to investigate the relationship between color preference and personality traits. Color preferences of individuals will reflect one or more personality trait 2. Color preferences changes according to warmth and coolness. 3. Individuals with a tendency toward introversion will prefer cool colors 4. Individuals with a tendency toward extroversion will prefer strong intensified colors.

A Biography of Joseph McCarthy essays

A Biography of Joseph McCarthy essays Joseph Raymond McCarthy was born on a farm in Appleton, Wisconsin on November 14th, 1908. His parents were devout Roman Catholics and McCarthy was the fifth on nine children. After attending the local elementary school, he left school at 14 and worked as a chicken farmer. McCarthy later managed a grocery store in the nearby town of Manawa, where he was considered to be a popular person and the store was quite profitable. He was encouraged by his friends to attend high school and so in 1928, at the age of 20, McCarthy returned to school and completed the normal four-year high school curriculum in one year. He graduated in 1935 from the Marquette University in Milwaukee with a degree in law. After graduation, McCarthy set up a law practice in Waupaca, another nearby town. It is reported that McCarthy experienced very little success as a lawyer, only taking four cases in nine months. It is also reported that he supplemented his income through poker games. At that time, he went to work in Shawano for Mike Eberlein. The two worked together for three years until Joseph won the judgeship for the Tenth District of the Wisconsin Circuit Court. McCarthy was originally a supporter of the Democratic Party, but when he failed to become the Democratic Partys candidate for district attorney, he switched his support to the Republican Party. He shocked local officials by fighting a dirty campaign, which included publishing literature that falsely claimed that his opponent Edgar Werner was 73, senile, and implied Werner was guilty of financial corruption. McCarthys misconduct earned him a reprimand from the Wisconsin Supreme Court. McCarthy was exempt from the military draft due to his public position, but in 1941, McCarthy abruptly quit the bench and enlisted in the Marine Corps. During his two years of service as first lieutenant, McCarthy engaged in numerous flying missions, although the majority were training missions...

Free Essays on Alzheimer

The causes of Alzheimer's disease remain a mystery, but researchers have found that particular groups of people have risk factors that make them more likely to develop the disease than the general population. Many people do not realize how severe this disease really is. People also do not realize how much of a risk there is of developing the disease. Four million people in the United States today are afflicted with Alzheimer’s Disease. Another very interesting fact about Alzheimer’s Disease is that the changes in the brain take place 20 to 40 years before the patient shows any symptoms. About ten percent of Americans have this disease by the age of 65, and about 50 percent of Americans have the disease by the age of 85. People can live well into their 90s, and they still retain most of their memories and control of their bodies (Kahn, 1998). This is a disease that everyone all over the world should be concerned about.... Free Essays on Alzheimer Free Essays on Alzheimer The causes of Alzheimer's disease remain a mystery, but researchers have found that particular groups of people have risk factors that make them more likely to develop the disease than the general population. Many people do not realize how severe this disease really is. People also do not realize how much of a risk there is of developing the disease. Four million people in the United States today are afflicted with Alzheimer’s Disease. Another very interesting fact about Alzheimer’s Disease is that the changes in the brain take place 20 to 40 years before the patient shows any symptoms. About ten percent of Americans have this disease by the age of 65, and about 50 percent of Americans have the disease by the age of 85. People can live well into their 90s, and they still retain most of their memories and control of their bodies (Kahn, 1998). This is a disease that everyone all over the world should be concerned about....

Monetary Unification in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Monetary Unification in Europe - Essay Example Critics were so skeptical on the Europe’s idea of monetary unification claiming that Europe was not close to optimal monetary union. This idea was just a mere political project, which did not give into account economic fundamentals and was doomed to fail the single currency, and Europe’s failure to see monetary unification as an evolutionary process. Over the past few years, the Euro has tremendously challenged the US dollar, which is globally reserved currency, and within a very short period, it has transformed economic and political landscape in Europe. Monetary experiments has never been such an exciting history as there have been no any sovereign state surrendered its currency to a common central bank currency restraining from monetary sovereignty (Charles, 2010:176). Although the need to unify European currency started a long time ago, we begin to review its recent attempts to attain that goal. Prelaunch, which took place in late 1989, witnessed France extract German commitment to monetary union in favor of German reunification. The same year, Jacques Delor, filed a report introducing European Monetary unification in three stages. It comprised of creation of institutions like European System of Central Banks charged with the responsibility to formulate and implement monetary policies. The phases between 1989 and 2002 gave a name to the common currency that was to unify the European states â€Å"euro†, which replaced the old currency unit, the ecu. The institution laid down steps to accomplish monetary unification first of which was abolishing exchange controls that saw capital completely liberalized in European Economic Community on July 1, 1990. On 7 February 1992, leaders from different European countries signed the Maastricht Treaty with the aim of creating a single common currency but without United Kingdom participating by January 1999. Having the treaty approved proved a challenge since countries such as Germany, France, and Denmark were reluctant (Evgeny, 159). Another attempt derived from Stage II of Delor’s report that led to the creation of European Monetary Institute in 1994 that replaced European Monetary Cooperation Fund with Alexander Lamfalussy as the first president. After sometime, there rose a pool of disagreements that led to adoption of euro as new currency on December 1995 doing away with the name ecu previously used as the accounting currency. Theo Wagel suggested the name. He was by then the German’s finance minister. Date 1 January 1999 was set for the launch of the currency name. With the launch of euro in the European Union, credit institutions were able to process real-time payments. This supposedly helped in serving monetary policy needs of Euro system as well as harmonizing business practices in the EU and promoting money market integration(Gertrude and Peter, 2003:13). Owing to the total number of states, the Euro bloc designed and produced new 7.4 billion notes and 38.2 billion coins for issuance to consumers and business operators on 1 January 2002. This attempt displayed some obsolete results with tasks set to educate European people on the new currency and finally on 15 December 2001 banks commenced exchanging euro starter kits. As a matter of encouraging continuous effectiveness and integration of European currency, banks all over Euro zone, offered same high quality services, interfaces, and single price structure irrespective of their location. Such policies facilitated unification of currency across Europe as banks and other financial institutions operate under similar conditions. In the wake of

Errors in crime scene investigating Research Paper

Errors in crime scene investigating - Research Paper Example The court also must make sure that no innocent person is ever wrongly punished or convicted for offences that he or she has not committed. In the modern day, with the advent of technology and the availability of modern forensic test facilities, crime scene investigation (CSI) has acquired much significance in the process of police investigations and the conducting of trials. During 1998, the US Department of Justice, in what could be termed as a landmark study, has unearthed 28 cases of â€Å"wrongful convictions† by means of DNA tests and thus brought to the fore the â€Å"fallibility† of the law enforcement system (Doyle, 2010, 110). In most cases, the jury has relied on eyewitness accounts, which is the â€Å"oldest form of evidence† to pass their verdicts and 24 out of the 28 cases have entailed wrongful conviction due to â€Å"misidentification† (110). This adequately underlines the significance of scientific methods of investigation in determining th e complicity of offenders in the crimes they are accused of and to minimize errors in crime scene investigations. Thus, it transpires that in the interests of imparting criminal justice and to rule out errors in crime scene investigations the law enforcement system needs to deploy advanced technology. ... ost transparent and judicious manner is to facilitate the availability of forensic evidences that can irrefutably link the perpetrator to the crime under investigation. Criminals, invariably in all cases, no matter how meticulous and calculating they are, leave imprints of indelible evidence on the crime scene. While an efficient investigator, with the aid of modern technology will be able to unearth such evidences that can positively identify the perpetrator of crimes and help in proving his or her involvement in the commission or abetting of the crime. An investigation of the crime scene commences with the arrival of the first respondents at the location. Such persons may not necessarily be trained in forensics and hence they need to appreciate the significance of physical evidences that play a â€Å"pivotal and especially valuable role† and are the most â€Å"reliable† evidence (Crime Scene and Physical Evidence, 2009, p.4). Besides, they also must understand the imp ortance of proper custody and handing over of such evidences to the investigation team once they arrive on the scene. This way, the sanctity of the evidence they collect from the scene can be sustained and any possible errors can be ruled out. Crime scene investigation can be understood as a â€Å"process† that seeks to record the scene as it is and to recognize and collect any physical evidences that are â€Å"potentially relevant† to the crime (p.4). The process also envisages adherence to any â€Å"local laws, rules and regulations† that relate to CSI and forensic investigations and ethical as well as human dignity considerations (p.4). Similarly, removing unnecessary items, taking photographs and developing a â€Å"descriptive documentation† of crime scene are significant in the process of CSI (Death

Philosophy Of Nursing Education In Terms Of The Role Of Educator

Philosophy Of Nursing Education In Terms Of The Role Of Educator The purpose of this paper is to describe my philosophy of nursing education in terms of the role of educator and learner, evidence-based practice in nursing education and useful teaching strategies. Three key issues in nursing education are examined: raising the educational level of nurses, increasing interdisciplinary learning opportunities, and preparing nurses to lead initiatives to improve care and enhance patient outcomes. These challenges are related to my goal as an educator. Role of the educator The role of the educator is to facilitate student development of critical thinking by helping the student build on existing knowledge and integrate curriculum content with clinical experiences. Peters (2000) described a teaching as a process of medication where the educator works as the interface between curriculum and student. Core competencies for nursing education have been developed by the National League for Nursing (2005). The competencies include facilitating a learning environment by providing structure to content and learning activities, goals and objectives, assessment, evaluation and feedback to students. In addition, the core competencies outline the role of educator in curriculum development and program evaluation. Educators should function as role models and change agents, working to continuously improve the learning experience. Educators should function within the academic environment and serve as leaders in scholarship through the development and refinement of evidenc e-based teaching practices. Finke (2009) outlines the scholarship dimensions of nursing education: discovery, integration, application and teaching. The effective educator is a facilitator, coach, mentor, and role model in continuous practice improvement. Role of the student Students build existing knowledge by interpreting new information through personal constructs and prior experiences. Students employ a variety of learning styles and have diverse educational needs and come to the learning experience with a variety of perspectives, expectations, and motivations. Students who take an active role in learning acquire important skills of scholarly inquiry and discovery. Svinicki (2011) described strategic learners as diligent and resourceful who are open to continuous learning to improve their practice. Benner (2010) identifies the ability to prioritize and a acquiring a sense of salience as central goals of nursing education. Through feedback, reflection, and discussion, the student creates meaning and gains awareness of personal constructs influencing his or her perceptions. Students develop skills for lifelong learning, a key to successfully adapting to ever-changing technology, information, and clinical situations. Useful strategies in nursing education The most useful strategies in nursing education are those that help the learner integrate clinical knowledge with patient experience. Emergency situations happen rarely in clinical practice and simulator training helps students gain confidence as they test their performance under a variety of conditions without risking harm to a patient. Benner (2010) describes several strategies educators use to enhance learning such as contextualizing patients experiences, and guiding students in learning how to respond to changing situations. Constructive planned feedback helps students improve their practice. Learning is also enhanced when the educator creates opportunities for students to integrate clinical experience with classroom content. Through clinical coaching and classroom interactions, the educator and student engage in an empowering social process aimed at the development of the student nurse. Narrative pedagogies are a useful strategy to help students learn to think critically through analysis and interpretation. Reflective journaling allows students to find meaning in clinical experience and explore feelings when clinical interactions are complex or challenging. Interdisciplinary collaboration on service projects builds a foundation of mutual respect and understanding of roles and boundaries and students learn from patients, families, communities and each other. The role of evidence-based practice in nursing education. Chisari (2006) Evidence-based elements of nursing education. Should be adopted by all programs. Mission to educate a nursing workforce maximizing their ability to provide safe, effective, patient-centered care. Oermann, 2007 Using evidence in your teaching. Strategies that work, so much content knowledge, simulators training best practices, Three most important issues in nursing education and why My goal as an educator I hope to impart the spirit of continuous improvement so that learners seek new knowledge and learning opportunities throughout their careers. I hope to contribute to the preparation of nurses who can practice effectively in complex, technological healthcare environments with the skills necessary to work with others in the efficient management of health information and resources. I hope to reveal the learning opportunities that exist in everyday experience as nurses interact with other disciplines and patients and families who are the experts in their care. Most of all, I want to teach nursing by example through respect, thoughtful reflection, and continuous refinement of my teaching practice.

Different forms of child abuse Essay

Child abuse is a common term for four types of child maltreatment: sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, and neglect. Children are usually victims of more than one type of abuse. They could be both sexually and emotionally abused or they could also be physically abused and neglected. In some severe cases, children may suffer from more than two forms of abuse. Child abuse was once viewed as a minor social problem that only affected a handful of U.S. children. In recent years the media and law enforcement has paid close attention to the issue. More than 1,000 children died from abuse in 1996, in the U.S. (1). Approximately 231 children are abused each day. That is 10 children every hour, and one child every six minutes. Each day in the United States, more than three children die as a result of child abuse, in the home. More children, age four and younger, die from child abuse and neglect than any other single, leading cause of death for infants and young children (1). The abusers can be family members, parents, caretakers such as babysitters and teachers, and strangers. Abuse occurs among all ethnic, social, and income groups. Most parents don’t hurt or neglect their children intentionally. Many were themselves abused or neglected. Usually the cases that are reported involve poor families with little education. Also common in reports are young mothers, single-parent families, and parental drug or alcohol abuse. The frequency of child abuse is difficult to estimate, due to so many cases going unreported. There are signs, symptoms, and causes to all four types of child abuse. When you have a concern for a child’s well-being, the signs or symptoms may help guide you in the process of reporting. Although, these signs, mentioned later, don’t necessarily indicate that a child is being abused. A professional, who would be able to determine the abuse, should investigate the possibility. Determining the exact cause of child abuse is almost impossible. In general,  the factors that influence whether abuse will happen is grouped into two categories- internal and external. Lack of social support, economic hardship, and chemical dependency are a few external factors. Some internal factors are: biological, emotional, and psychological. Some factors are as common as low intelligence and range to, as rare as, a severe personality disorder such as Schizophrenia. Isolation is a factor contributing to abuse. When families have difficulties, perhaps from unemployment or other social problems, they may respond in a number of ways. The families that respond by isolating themselves, by withdrawing themselves from neighbors and friends, are the most likely to be abusive. Charles F. Johnson defines sexual abuse as † any activity with a child, before the age of legal consent, that is for the sexual gratification of an adult or a significantly older child.† Sexual abuse involves fondling, penetration, persuading a child to expose his or her sexual organs, and allowing a child to view pornography. In most of the reported cases the child knew the abuser, and one in five of the abusers were under age themselves. 12% of the confirmed cases reported in 1996 involved sexual abuse. An estimated 10-15% of males and 20-25% of females reported they were sexually abused by age 18 (2). Most sexually abused children never come to the attention of the authorities. There may be no physical signs of harm, but there is always the intense shame, and secrecy is often maintained, even by the adults who know of the abuse, for fear of destroying a family. There is evidence emerging that as many as one in three incidents of child sexual abuse are not remembered by adults who experience them, and that the younger the child was at the time of the abuse, and the closer the relationship to the abuser, the more likely one is not to remember, claims Linda Williams. Convicted rape and sexual assault offenders serving time in State prisons  report that two-thirds of their victims were under the age 18, and 58% of those (nearly 4 in 10 imprisoned violent sex offenders) said their victims were aged 12 or younger. In 90% of the rapes of children less than 12 years old, the child knew the offender. Sixty percent took place in the victim’s home or at the home of a friend, neighbor, or relative. Two-thirds of sex offenders in state prisons victimized a child. For offenders imprisoned for violent crimes against victims younger than 18 (1994), 15% were convicted of forcible rape, 57% were convicted of other types of sexual assault (lewd acts of forcible sodomy, statutory rape, etc.), about thirty percent reported attacks on more than one child, and more than half the victims were younger than 12. Out of 277 inmate interviews of all prisoners convicted of rape or sexual assault, two-thirds victimized children. Three out of four child victims were female, prisoners convicted of attacking children were mostly male, 97%, and about 22% of the child sex offenders reported having been sexually abused themselves during childhood. Half of the women raped were younger than 18 and 20% were victimized by their father (3). Children often fail to report because of the fear that disclosure will bring consequences even worse than being victimized again. The victim may fear consequences from the family or feel guilty for consequences to the perpetrator. Victims may also have a feeling that â€Å"something is wrong with me,† and that the abused is their fault. The impact of child sexual abuse is tremendous. It is estimated that there are 60 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse in America, today. Approximately 31% of women in prison state they have been abused as children and about 95% of teenage prostitutes have been sexually abused. Young girls who are forced to have sex are three times more likely to develop psychiatric disorders or abuse alcohol and drugs in adulthood, than girls who are not sexually abused (4). There are two different types of indicators of sexual abuse, physical indicators and behavioral indicators. Some of the physical indicators are: 1)Torn, stained or bloody underclothes. 2)Frequent, unexplained sore throats, yeast or urinary infections. 3) Bruises or bleeding from external genitalia, vagina, or anal region. 4) Sexual transmitted disease. 5) Pregnancy. Some of the behavioral indicators are: 1)The victim’s disclosure of sexual abuse. 2)Disturbed sleeping pattern. 3)Difficulty in walking or sitting. 4)Avoidance of undressing or wearing extra layers of clothes. 5)Sudden decline in school performance. The two prerequisites for this form of maltreatment include sexual arousal to children and the willingness to act on this arousal. Factors that may contribute to the willingness include alcohol or drug abuse, poor impulse control, and a belief that the sexual behaviors are acceptable and not harmful to the child. The chances of abuse are higher if the child is developmentally handicapped or vulnerable in some other way. Often there is no physical evidence of sexual abuse for a doctor to find. In fact, physical examinations of children in cases suspected sexual abuse supply grounds for further suspicion only 15-20% of the time (4). Physical abuse is the nonaccidental infliction of physical injury to a child, such as cut, bruises, welts, and broken bones. The abuser is usually a family member or other caretaker, and is more likely to be male. In 1996,  24% of the confirmed cases of U.S. child abuse involved physical abuse (4). A rare form of physical abuse is Munchausen syndrome by proxy, in which a caretaker, most often the mother, seeks attention by making the child sick or appear to be sick. Skulls and other bone fractures are often seen in young abused children, and in fact head injuries are the leading cause of death in abused children. A few physical indicators of physical abuse are: 1)Unexplained welts or bruises on the face, upper arms, throat, thighs or lower back in unusual patterns or shapes which suggest use of an instrument (electric cord, belt buckle) on an infant in various stages of healing that are seen after absences, weekends, or vacations. 2)Rope burns. 3)Bald patches. 4)Refusal to undress for gym. Some of the behavioral indicators of physical abuse are: 1)Behavioral extremes- withdrawal, aggression, depression. 2)Unbelievable or inconsistent explanation for the injury. 3)Fear of physical contact-shrinking back if touched. 4)Fear of medical help or examination. The usual physical abuse scenario involves a parent who loses control and lashes out at a child. The trigger could be a dirty diaper or crying. Unlike nonabusive parent, who may become upset or angry with their children from  time to time but are genuinely loving, abusive parents tend to harbor deep-rooted negative feelings toward their children. Emotional abuse, also known as psychological abuse, according to Richard D. Krugman, â€Å"has been defined as the rejection, ignoring, criticizing, isolation, or terrorizing or children, all of which have the effect of eroding their self-esteem†. Emotional abuse usually expresses itself in verbal attacks involving rejection, belittlement, humiliation, and so forth. Emotional abuse also includes bizarre forms of punishment, such as confinement of a child in a dark closet. Often psychological abuse accompanies other types of abuse and is difficult to prove. It is rarely reported and accounted for only 6% of the confirmed 1996 cases (3). A few physical indicators of emotional abuse are: 1)Eating disorders- obesity or anorexia. 2)Nervous disorders- rashes, facial tics, hives, etc. 3)Speech disorders- stuttering, stammering, etc. 4)Flat or bald spots on head (infants). A few behavioral indicators of psychological abuse are: 1)Age inappropriate behaviors- bedwetting, soiling, etc. 2)Habit disorders- biting, rocking, etc. 3)Cruel behavior- seeming to get pleasure from hurting another child, adult, or animal. 4)Overreaction to mistakes. Emotional abuse can happen in many different settings: at school, at home, on sports teams, and so on. The forth and final forms of child abuse is neglect. Neglect is the failure to satisfy a child’s basic needs and can assume many forms. Emotional neglect is the failure to satisfy a child’s normal emotional needs or behavior that damages a child’s normal psychological and emotional development, physical neglect is the failure to provide adequate food, shelter, clothing, or supervision, and educational neglect includes the allowance of chronic truancy, failure to enroll a child of mandatory school age in school, and failure to attend to a special educational need. Failing to see that a child receives proper schooling or medical care is also considered neglect. In 1996, neglect was confirmed in over half of the abuse cases (3). Some physical indicators of neglect include: 1)Poor hygiene- lice, diaper rash, body odor, etc. 2)Lack of immunizations. 3)Untreated injury or illness. 4)Poor state of clothing. A few behavioral indicators of neglect include: 1)Chronic hunger or tiredness. 2)Assuming adult responsibilities. 3)Unusual school attendance. 4)No social relationships. Many cases of neglect occur because the parent experiences strong negative feelings toward the child. At other times, the parent may truly care for the child, but lack the ability to adequately provide for the child’s needs due to being handicapped by drug abuse, depression, mental retardation, or other problems. As a result, their physical, emotional, social, and mental development is hindered. Young children remain at high risk for loss of life. Between 1995 and 1997, 78% of these children were less than five years of age at the time of their death, while 38% were under one year of age. As for cause of death, 44% of deaths resulted from neglect, 51% from physical abuse, and 5% from a combination of neglectful and physically abusive parenting. Approximately 41% of these deaths occurred to children known to child protective service agencies as current or prior clients (5). Abuse investigators are often a group effort involving medical personnel, police officers, social workers, and others. Careful questioning of the parents is crucial, as is interviewing the child. The investigators must ensure, however, that their questioning does not further traumatize the child. A physical examination for signs of abuse or neglect is, always necessary, and may also include blood tests, x-rays, and other procedures. If the child has sisters or brothers, the authorities must determine whether they have been abused as well. Signs of physical abuse are discovered in about 20% of the sisters and brothers of abused children (4). Child abuse can have lifelong consequences. Research shows that abused children and adolescents are more likely, for instance, suffer emotional problems, do poorly in school, abuse drugs and alcohol, and attempt suicide. As adults they have often have trouble establishing intimate relationships. Notification of the appropriate authorities, treatment of the child’s  injuries, and protecting the child from further harm are the immediate priorities in child abuse! Sources All Figures Based Upon The Following: 1.A Nation’s Shame: Fatal Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States. 2.Child Maltreatment 1998: Reports from the States to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. 3.http://www.prevent-abuse-now.com/stats.htm 4.http://www.prevent-abuse-now.com/stats2.htm 5.Wang, C.T. & Daro, D. (1998). Current Trends in Child Abuse Reporting and Fatalities: The results of the 1997 Annual Fifty State Survey.

My philosophy for advanced practice nursing Essay

My philosophy for advanced practice nursing (APN) is an extension of the philosophy of my nursing practice. I plan to form a partnership with my patients in which compassionate, holistic, evidence based care will lead to the patient maintaining optimal health and wellness. Advance Practice Nurses focus entirely on the patient by compassionately addressing every aspect of the patient’s needs. My goal is to educate and encourage the patient to become responsible for his/her health by working diligently with the healthcare team. An APN’s primary focus should be to address and remove the underlying cause of illness rather than to merely alleviate the presenting symptoms. This can be done by addressing underlying issues that can hinder the healing process and establish a plan to remove these obstacles in order to promote holistic healing. I value treating the whole patient (emotional, genetic, environmental, social, physical, spiritual, and other factors) and offering means of wellness in conjunction with traditional options (Nightingale, 1954). Nurse Practitioners provide the patient with a holistic care that includes not only exercise, nutrition, environment, and stressors, but also considers the client’s cultural world view (Dossey, 2010). When this approach is taken, each patient is able to experience an individualized plan of treatment. As I step out of the role of bedside nurse and embrace the role of an APN, I look forward to the additional responsibilities of diagnosing and treating patients which will afford me a greater role in the improvement of my patient’s health. This advanced role in designing and implementing plans of treatment empowers the APN to provide complete patient care. The APN role also allows me the opportunity to educate my patients, their families and the community on measures to improve health and prevent future illnesses. I look forward to advancing as a professional because, as I do so, I can make a difference by implementing and improving patient care and teaching others. References Dossey, B. (2010). Holistic nursing: from Florence Nightingale’s historical legacy to 21st-century global nursing. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 16(5), 14-16. Nightingale, F. (1954). Notes on nursing: What it is and what it is not. In L.R. Seymer (Ed.), selected writings of Florence Nightingale (p.123-220). New York: Macmillan. (Original work published 1859).

Comparison Fo Marketing Strategies of HM and Splash

Hamp;M vs. SPLASH Marketing Term End Paper SUBMITTED BY: Group 3: Section B HARMAN GILL KRISHNA OZA LAVANYA PAPOLU PRIYANKA NARAYANAN SANDHYA KEERTHI VIPIN VISHAKHA NATANI VS. INTRODUCTION In this term paper we will compare two companies, Splash of Landmark Group and Hamp;M, two leading fashion retailers in UAE. We will individually analyse the marketing strategies of the two companies and compare them to see which one is more successful in the UAE market. We will also suggest some recommendations for developing their strategies. Both of these companies have equally done very well with their marketing strategies in the past and even better in the year of 2008 while being under the influence of the economies†¦show more content†¦Founded in 1993 as a single brand store in Sharjah, Splash has grown to over 125 Splash stores and 50 branded boutiques across ten countries. An ‘Eye’ for the latest global trends in fashion design offered at fabulous value is the soul of Splash which has carved a niche for itself as one of the most successful local players in the region’s high-street fashion category. Splash showcases popular collections for men, women and teens with a wide offering of fashion apparel and accessories to suit the customer’s every lifestyle need. Initially it was mainly a trading company, which used to buy and sell merchandise without any customization of the consumer offering. This trading focus continued till 1998 when the company started to evolve along the buying cycle. This buying focused approach saw Splash differentiate itself by selling products which were carefully selected to suit the needs and style preferences of customers. In the year 2000 the company progressed from a trading setup to a retail based organizational framework. In 2004 Splash started shifting its focus from being buying based, to a more product centric, design oriented approach which corresponded with the change in logo, to reflect the brands ambition to compete with the international brands present in the market. Design teams were created and frequent buying trips and trade show visits to every significant show around the world were arranged for the design teams. Splash progressively became aShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSingapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art