Thy Shall Be Named in Shirley Jackson´s The Lottery

â€Å"The lottery in June, corn be heavy soon† (page 25). In Shirley Jackson’s short story, she alludes the events leading up to Tessie’s stoning to the Bible. In turn, proving that through the symbolism of their names, all the townspeople were in on the sacrificial beliefs of â€Å"The Lottery†. Traditionally, a child with a name that is that of the bible is classic. In efforts to make the child that much closer with God, parents pull names from His Holy Word. So, it is not ironic but rather conventional that Shirley Jackson chooses to use Mr. Adams as the first of the town’s people to choose his fate from the black box. Representing the towns’ people as a whole, he was the first name called, just as Adam was the first man God created. Adams was†¦show more content†¦The mysteries of death are unpredictable. In â€Å"The Lottery† your life is encompassed within the black box. Standing as the postmaster, Mr. Graves was the keeper of the death box. Graves Profoundly carried their lives, as if it were a game of chess, and the citizens, his pawns. Holding the box within his possession, in a sense, the citizens chanced their life in the pickings of their grave – of the winning slip of paper. Unlike all the other characters, Mr. Graves is not d escribed, pops up in and out of the scene, and is without dialogue throughout the entire story. When Mrs. Graves says, â€Å"we’re next,† Jackson writes, â€Å"Mr. Graves came around from the side of the box, greeted Mr. Summers gravely, and selected a slip of paper from the box† (25). After pointing out Graves’s insipid reaction to drawing his luck, Jackson foreshadows the truth behind the lottery by explaining the responses of townspeople as nervous. Coincidentally, as a â€Å"reward† for â€Å"winning† the lottery, Tess is sacrificed – just as they did humans and animals in the Biblical days. Meaning heart in German, Tessie’s heart was on the line due to her rebellion. As Mr. Warner says, â€Å"Lottery in June, crops be heavy soon,† (Page 25) he indicates that once Tessie has been sacrificed, God will send them better and richer crops for the season. This is why Old Man Warner vows to do the lottery every year. With the lottery being an annual event, held on the same day every year, it seems near

The American Dream in the Works of John Steinbeck and...

Two writers who come quickly to my mind whenever I hear or see images of American patriotism are John Steinbeck and Hunter S. Thompson. As different as these two men are, their writing is similar in that the American Dream constantly fails their characters. Both seek to define America and the American Dream, however, it remains seemingly elusive, and both writers fail to find it. I choose Steinbeck and Thompson because, to me, their writing styles are the same. They have the same lust for language and powerful writing. Their subjects are contemporary; they are not necessarily moral or upright, but are average people. Both view the world in the same sad way, that people are as easily led to beauty as deceit, joy to sorrow and life to†¦show more content†¦Personal journalism is only worth reading if something exciting or out of the ordinary happens, and takes a certain touch. (As human beings, we tend to go for the exciting. In Travels, Steinbeck may as well have printed how many times he changed his underwear). Travels is a failure all in itself, as Steinbeck throws his characteristic prose out the window. Thompson also goes on the road. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream, while a smashing success, is a two-fold failure. First, Thompson and his attorney (Oscar Zeta Acosta; the attorney is never named, except, some think, in the urgent speed letter as Dr. Gonzo) also fail to find the American Dream. With all its opportunities for sex, drugs, and money, they simply cant find it, no matter how hard they try. The second failure is one on part of Thompson; he edited the manuscript at least five or six times, destroying his goal of quot;buying a big fat red notebook and writing things basically as they happenedquot;. The book is not true gonzo journalism, as it had been tainted by editing as well as Acostas threats of libel. Perhaps the heart of the American Dream for these two writers is Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath and Thompsons Hells Angels and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. Grapes was written near the end of the Great Depression and published in 1939. Interestingly enough,

Encyclopedia of Australian Art for Cultural Factors-myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theEncyclopedia of Australian Art for Cultural Factors. Answer: Introduction Architectural styles are styles are not only influenced by functional and structural factors, but more importantly by cultural and geographical factors. Socio-cultural factors usually dominate given periods, and this impacts architectural styles significantly. This paper will discuss the architectural style of the St Paul's Cathedral in Melbourne; it will discuss the design of the building in the context of how the period influenced its design, the materials used, and the motivations and influences of the designer Discussion The architect, William Butterfield, an Englishman, designed the building; his design having been inspired by his English roots. He belonged to the Oxford movement and his style was the Gothic Revival, during the Victorian time in England. His designs predated the Anglican Church and used Catholic symbolism and liturgical functions. The building reflects Williams creative force and translates peoples cultural ideals and force into a symbol; Monuments are the expression of mans highest cultural needs. They have to satisfy the eternal demand of the people for translation of their collective force into symbols. The most vital monuments are those which express the feeling and thinking of this collective force - the people1[1] The St Paul's Cathedral in Melbourne reflect his roots and style, the architectural style of the Cathedral is transitional Gothic and is partly early decorated and partly Early English. The Gothic period upon which his painting structure is based provided a perfect vehicle for his symbolism while retaining within its abstract structure strong links with a twentieth century spirit[2] Its construction was done in phases, with the foundation stone having been laid in 1880, in the late Victorian period. The key material used is sandstone and limestone, rather than bluestone, which is the most abundant material in Melbourne; this makes it different and unique from other Melbourne buildings of the same period. The cathedral is characterized by Spires. The building was completed by John Barr, and his foreign influences can be seen in the building Bibliography McCulloch, Alan, and Charles Nodrum. 1984. Encyclopedia Of Australian Art. 1st ed. Hawthorn, Vic.: Hutchinson of Australia. P 385 Ockman, Joan. Architecture Culture: 1943-1968 (Columbia Books of Architecture). New York: Rizzoli, 2005. pp 168

When Someones Right

Introduction Ethical problems are, perhaps, the most complicated of all those existing, since different ethical theories allow to consider ethical issues from various standpoints and, therefore, presupposes that the choice of the solutions is extremely ample. As a result, numerous ethical dilemmas, which demand immediate solution, emerge.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on When Someone’s Right-vs.-Wrong Decision Puts the Observer into a Right-vs.-Right Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that in the case study in question, different solutions are possible from the standpoint of different ethical theories, a compromise can be achieved by viewing the situation through the prism of the Utilitarianism ethics. Background According to the basic details mentioned in the case study, the issue revolves around the problem of witnessing an instance of a petty theft. As the case study shows, a young woman named Lisa, who is a college student, was doing her voluntary work together with a college student named Tony when she noticed that the latter was taking some of the supplies with him, though he had no permission for that. Therefore, it will be most logical to assume that Lisa witnessed an instance of theft. However, not being completely sure and, which is even more important, not wanting to become a traitor and an informer, Lisa is hesitant about what she should be doing next. Case summary: the dilemma to be solved When it comes to discussing the case in question, one might notice that it features a number of ethical concepts and issues. To start with, it is necessary to point out that the case in question involves three participants, i.e., Lisa, Tony and the organization, who has allegedly been robbed. In addition, there is the dilemma, which is the choice between Tony and the organization. Finally, the problem under consideration questions the logics of the actual mor ality. Therefore, the problem can be summarized in the following way: defining the course of actions that harm each of the participants and the relationships between them the least, allowing for the personal growth of the person who is responsible for the theft and contributing to returning the stolen items back to the organization. Through ethical lens: applying the right terminology Considering the case in point from an ethical perspective means applying the right terminology to define the participants, the actions which they take and the choices that they make or should make. Therefore, the basics of deontological ideas and concepts must be introduced.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, relating the details of the case study to the elements and concepts of ethical theories is not enough; to choose the ethical dimension in which the solution to the problem is going to be loc ated in, it will be necessary to address the key theories of ethics. Thus, placing the case study in question in different ethical environment, one can possibly pick the one in which the solution will become more obvious. To start with, the Utilitarianism theory should be given a proper mentioning. The theory that allows to address each side of the conflict and keep the damage done to any of the, to a minimum, Utilitarianism is an obvious choice as a moral dimension in which the dilemma in question should be considered in. According to the existing definitions of Utilitarianism, the latter is the doctrine that presupposes utility maximization and is traditionally interpreted as â€Å"society’s net benefit over harm† (Lewis and Gilman 122). As it will be shown further on, the concept of relativism should also be introduced into the case study analysis. Therefore, the issues concerning relativism definition should also be addressed. According to the latest attempt of int erpreting the given concept, Relativism â€Å"is not only the doctrine about (the conditions of) truth, that is, an epistemological doctrine, but a more complex philosophical thesis, more exactly a threefold one† (Zilioli 10). Zilioli interprets philosophical relativism as an alethic, epistemological and ontological thesis (Zilioli 10). In other words, Zilioli denies the idea of relativism being self-refuting. It has been mentioned above that the case in point allows questioning the logics behind the so-called actual morality. Although the phenomenon of morality is especially hard to nail down, seeing how it differs depending on the culture and norms of a specific society, the concept of actual morality is, in fact, relatively easy to define; known as the set of morals that are traditionally accepted in the given society, actual morality is the ethical term of the set of moral rules that a person is or should be guided by in a specific situation. The principle of Natural Law should also be mentioned among the theories that are going to be utilized in the process of discussion. Natural Law is traditionally defined as an understanding of the world â€Å"as anchored in God’s eternal reason† (Schockenhoff 133) from a Thomistic point of view. In the given case, it is going to be used as a prism to consider the choice of non-action through.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on When Someone’s Right-vs.-Wrong Decision Puts the Observer into a Right-vs.-Right Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The last, but definitely not the least, the principle of Kantian ethics should also be brought up. According to Kant’s ethical dimension, striving for the greater good is the basic principle of human life; however, only when backed up by good intentions, an action can be considered good. As a matter of fact, Kant goes as far as claiming that, even if the results of a s pecific action leave much to be desired, when inspired by someone’s good will, these actions can be considered as good. Herein lies the principle of the so-called Categorical Imperative, or the â€Å"supreme principle of morality† (Paton 29), as Paton put it. Allowing one to evaluate the intentions behind a specific action, Categorical Imperative, therefore, helps define the moral value of a specific action. Concerning the dilemma: right vs. right As it has been specified above, the problem of the case in point is not the lack of possible moves, but the fact that each of the possible moves seems right; or, to be more specific, they seem right at first, but, when being considered closer, each of the possible solutions seems contrived and dishonest. Indeed, Lisa is obviously going into a no-win situation. Whatever she chooses, she will clearly have to let one of the sides of the conflict down. Therefore, when considering the dilemma closer, one will be able to spot the o bvious truth; the dilemma that Lisa is facing is actually not right-vs.-right, but wrong-vs.-wrong, since none of the solutions seems to satisfy her idea of morality. Discussion As it has been stated above, the case in question can be approached by adopting different ethical principles. However, each of the solutions has its flaws. By defining the pros and cons of the possible avenues for Lisa to take, one can figure out which of these alternatives should be used in the given situation. Silencing the problem: the probable outcomes One of the easiest avenues to take for Lisa is keeping silent. However, such attitude will most likely lead to even more thefts. In addition, Lisa will feel even guiltier about not doing what she should have as a law-abiding citizen. It is remarkable that, from the perspective of the natural law, the given decision would be acceptable, seeing how it presupposes non-interference into the natural course of events. Indeed, according to the basic principles of the Natural Law ethical dimension, the interference into the course of events would be unreasonable. Telling the authorities: turning into a traitor? Informing the managers or the leader of the organization is another option that Lisa has. It has its ethical pros and cons as well. On the one hand, from the perspective of the Kantian ethics, the given action can be justified as long as Lisa’s intent is to help return the goods and at the same time help Tony mend his ways. However, the consequences of such actions should also be taken into account. If considering the given solution from a Utilitarian perspective, one will see clearly that only one side of the conflict, i.e., Lisa, benefits.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tony will be doubtlessly fired, whereas the organization will lose a volunteer employee. Seeing how the given work does not involve payment in any way, it is rather doubtful that the organization will find a replacement for tony any time soon; as a result, the quality of the work will suffer. Therefore, informing the authorities does not seem a perfect ethical solution either. The golden mean: a heart-to-heart talk As the given case shows clearly, in a conflict situation, each solution presupposes that one of the sides of the conflict will ultimately suffer; whether the choice will be made in favor of the thief, or the company, either the former, or the latter will be inevitably put under the blow. The fact that in the given conflict, a compromise is practically impossible to reach leads to the idea of introducing another set of ethical principles into the discussion. As it has been mentioned above, the angle from which the situation is being observed predetermines the victim and, t herefore, defines the solution. The given situation crosses with the basic principles of relativism, since it presupposes that there is no right or wrong side of conflict outside the realm of specific ethical principles, and creates the premises for adopting a Utilitarian approach, i.e., allowing all sides of the conflict to benefit. In the best possible outcome, the company retrieves its goods back, Tony realizes that he made a mistake and is willing to mend his ways, and Lisa will do the right thing without betraying her friend. Solution Despite the controversy around it, the situation can still be helped. By applying the key principles of Utilitarianism, one can define the best way to solve the conflict. Following the principles of Utilitarianism: The greater good However, none of the aforementioned solutions seem to be decent enough to pick in the case described above. From a humanistic point of view, which should also be considered here, informing the authorities secretly on th e actions of a person whom Lisa has been working side by side with up until now is unfair to say the least. Therefore, the only possible solution in the given case seems legitimate. Following the principles of Utilitarianism and leaving both sides of the conflict, i.e., Tony and the local authorities, Lisa should tell Tony that she saw him taking home the things that he was not supposed to touch. The given solution, however, does not presuppose shifting responsibilities from one person to another. On the contrary, the given action will allow Lisa to finally take measures unless Tony explains the situation, confesses or brings the possibly stolen things back. As it has been pointed out earlier, the ethical dilemma concerned the issue of possible betrayal of Tony by telling on him without him knowing it. After letting Tony know that she is aware of his actions, however, Lisa will have the moral right to undertake action, since Tony will be aware of her being a witness. Therefore, in t he given case, the Utilitarianism approach seems the most reasonable. As it has been stressed in the scenario provided above, though, the Kantian ethics shows clearly that there is no wrong step to take in the given case. Each of the decisions that Lisa can choose from depends on her own concept of morality and can be considered viable from a corresponding perspective in a specific moral dimension. Considering the rest of the options: pros and cons In a very basic way, applying any of the other existing solutions is possible if considering these solutions within the realm of Kantian ethics. If one considers Lisa’s motivations from the point of view of the Categorical Imperative, one will be able to see that in each case, her key motivations are to restore justice and at the same time harm her friend as little as possible. It could be argued, though, that from the point of Categorical Imperative, Lisa’s motivations should also include shaping Tony’s moral values as well by letting him embrace the injustice that he has done. However, it has not been stated anywhere in the case description that Lisa was not concerned about Tony’s morality, either. Therefore, it can be assumed that Lisa has given a thought about Tony’s â€Å"lost soul† as well. With that being said, the concept of Categorical Imperative does not restrict Lisa from taking any of the steps specified above. Indeed, whether she will inform the authorities and tell about the supposed theft, keep silence about what she has seen for the sake of Tony’s safety or talk to Tony about what she has seen, the Kantian ethics will view any of these steps as showing her concern for at least one of the sides of the conflict. Therefore, from the point of the Kantian ethics, Lisa has the right to take whatever step she thinks is right. Conclusion: a matter of one’s personal choice As it follows from the description of other possible avenues for the leading chara cter of the case study to take, it can be assumed that there is, in fact, no absolutely wrong step to take; almost every possible step makes a perfect sense in a specific ethical universe. Depending on the choice of ethical system in the realm of which the problem is going to be solved, a different solution can be applied. With that being said, however, in the traditional system of human values, which is generally accepted in the present-day society, informing the guilty part of the witness’s awareness seems the most adequate step to make. By letting the given person know that his actions are no longer a secret, the other character of the case study motivates her partner for an ethical evaluation of situation and creates the premises for her to act if Toni does not confess to the manager. Works Cited Lewis, Carol W., and Gilman, Stuart C. The Ethics Challenge in Public Service: A Problem-Solving Guide. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. 2012. Print. Paton, Herbert James. The Cat egorical Imperative: A Study in Kant’s Moral Philosophy. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1971. Print. Schockenhoff, Eberhard. Natural Law and Human Dignity: Universal Ethics in a Historical World. Washington, DC: Catholic University Press. 2003. Print. Zilioli, Ugo. Protagoras and the Challenge of Relativism: Plato’s Subtlest Enemy. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company. 2012. Print. This case study on When Someone’s Right-vs.-Wrong Decision Puts the Observer into a Right-vs.-Right Dilemma was written and submitted by user Ha1den to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

APES Climate Change Essays

APES Climate Change Essays APES Climate Change Paper APES Climate Change Paper Proxy Indicators types of indirect evidence that serve as substitutes for direct measurements from a different time or place Ice Core Data A type of proxy indicator scientists examine air bubbles from ancient atmospheres that are trapped in deep layers of ice by extracting columns from the ice, or ice columns Climate Models programs that combine what is known about atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation, atmosphere-ocean interactions, feedback loops. IPCC an international panel of scientists established by UNEP that issued the Fourth Assessment Report Fourth Assessment Report consensus of scientific climate research that documents observed trends in climate change factors and predicts future changes based on further greenhouse gas emissions United States Global Research Program created by congress to coordinate federal climate research. predicts many things, including:(1)average temps will rise 3-5?(2)droughts and floods will worsen (3) snowpack will decrease> water shortage (4)Sea level rise will cause loss of coastal wetlands and real estate Hadley vs. Canada Model Hadley Model estimates less drastic temperature increases than Canadian Model, which estimates increases of up to 25? F. Electricity Generation is the number 1 largest contributor to US CO2 emissions (about 40%) Sources of Electricity Fossil Fuel Combustion-50% of electricity comes from coalwe can change to cleaner sources, but havent yet Automobile Effectiveness -62% lost to friction/engine heat-17% idling-5% inefficiencies-2% radio/AC appliances=_________________________only 14% of fuel input goes toward movement 2 main ways to reduce emissions -conservation and efficiency-switching to cleaner renewable sourcesother notable ways include:-agricultural sustainablilty -sustainable forestry-waste management UN FCCC Outlined a plan for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to levels back in 1990s by 2000. It was on a voluntary basis, so many nations didnt comply Kyoto Protocol unlike the FCCC which was voluntary, this was a COMPULSORY agreement for signatories of the treaty to bring emission levels back down. US didnt sign -__- Addressing Climate Change Because Bush Admin. didnt take action, states and local governments responded to popular desire for limiting greenhouse emissions by signing US Mayors Climate Protection Agreement; they would meet or beat Kyoto Protocol. Carbon Offset practice used in Cap n Trade policy. It is a voluntary payment to another entity intended to enable that entity to reduce the greenhouse emissions that one is unable or unwilling to reduce on their own. Basically, pay to be allowed more emissions Global Climate Change trends and variation in Earths climate, involving aspects such as temperature, precipitation, and storm frequency/intensity. Global Warming increase in Earths average surface temperature (just one aspect of Global Climate Change) Factors Influencing Climate Change there are natural effects, i.e. the sun, but primarily Fossil Fuel Combustion and Deforestation. Greenhouse Gases Gases that absorb infrared adiation very effectively: Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone, CFCs Greenhouse effect the warming of Earths surface and atmosphere (especially trophosphere) caused by the energy emitted from greenhouse gases CO2 spike caused by Burning Fossil Fuels, Deforestation Aerosols Microscopic droplets and particles that have either a warming or cooling effect. Milankovitch Cycles Three periodic changes in the Earths rotation (axial wobble, variation of tilt, variation of orbit) that alter the way solar radiation is distributed on Earths surface El Nino conditions are triggered when air pressure increases in western Pacific and decreases in easter Pacific. ( I like to think El Nino=East, No.) ^_^ La Nina opposite of El Nino NADW North Atlantic Deep Water: Created by the loss of heat from warm currents arriving at Europe, which become colder and denser and sink.

Biography of Sargon the Great, Ruler of Mesopotamia

Biography of Sargon the Great, Ruler of Mesopotamia Sargon the Great was one of the worlds earliest empire  builders. From roughly  2334 to 2279 BCE, he ruled a civilization called the Akkadian Empire, consisting largely of ancient Mesopotamia,  after conquering all of Sumer (southern Mesopotamia) as well as parts of Syria, Anatolia (Turkey), and  Elam  (western Iran). His empire was the first political entity to have an extensive, efficient, large-scale bureaucracy to administer his far-flung lands and their culturally diverse people. Fast Facts: Sargon the Great Known For: Creating an empire in MesopotamiaAlso Known As: Sargon of Akkad, Shar-Gani-Sharri, Sarru-Kan (True King or Legitimate King)  Sargon of Agade, King of Agade, King of Kish, King of the LandDied: c. 2279 BCE Early Life Almost nothing is known of Sargons early life. There is no birth date; the dates of his reign are approximate; and the end of his reign, 2279, is only presumably the year of his death. His name at birth also is unknown; he adopted Sargon later. Although his name was among the most famous in antiquity, the modern world knew nothing of him until 1870 CE, when Sir Henry Rawlinson, a British army officer and scholar of the Orient, published the Legend of Sargon, which he had found in the library of King Ashurbanipal  of Assyria while excavating the ancient Mesopotamian city of  Nineveh  in 1867. The Legend of Sargon, engraved in cuneiform on a clay tablet, supposedly represented his biography, though its often described as folklore. It reads, in part: My mother was a changeling, my father I knew not...My mother conceived me in secret, she gave birth to me in concealment. She set me in a basket of rushes, She sealed the lid with tar. She cast me into the river...The water carried me to Akki, the drawer of water. He lifted me out as he dipped his jar into the river, He took me as his son, he raised me, He made me his gardener. Sargons mother, said to have been a priestess in a town on the Euphrates River and perhaps one of an order of sacred prostitutes, couldnt keep the child. She hit upon an option strikingly similar to one involving Moses, although her baby supposedly floated down the Euphrates instead of the Nile. The future founder of the  Akkadian Empire was discovered by a gardener who served Ur-Zababa, the king of  Kish, a massive subterranean city on the island of Kish off the coast of Iran. Rise to Power Sargon eventually became Ur-Zababas cup-bearer, a servant who brought a king’s wine but also served as a trusted adviser. For unknown reasons, the king felt threatened by Sargon and tried to get rid of him: When Lugal-zage-si, the  king  of Umma who had conquered and consolidated many city-states in Sumer, came to conquer Kish next, Ur-Zababa sent Sargon to deliver a  clay tablet to the king, supposedly offering peace. The tablet, however, contained a message requesting that Lugal-zage-si kill Sargon. Somehow the conspiracy was thwarted, and the Sumerian king asked Sargon to join his campaign against the city. They conquered Kish and Ur-Zababa was deposed. But soon Sargon and Lugal-zage-si had a falling out. Some accounts say Sargon had an affair with Lugal-zage-si’s wife. At any rate, Sargon captured  Uruk,  an ancient land in southern Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River, from Lugal-zage-si and then defeated him in battle at Kish. Expanding His Realm A large part of  Sumer had been controlled by Uruk, so with both Ur-Zababa and Lugalzagesi out of the way, Sargon was the new ruler of an area from which to launch military campaigns and expand his empire. But Sargon also wanted to maintain the lands under his control, so he established an efficient  bureaucracy by placing trusted men in each Sumerian city to rule in his name. Meanwhile, Sargon expanded his empire, defeating the  Elamites to the East, who inhabited what is today western Iran. To the West, Sargon conquered parts of  Syria  and  Anatolia. He established his capital at Akkad, near Kish, becoming the first king of the Akkadian Dynasty. The city, which lent its name to the empire, has never been found. He conquered the nearby city-states of Ur, Umma, and Lagash and developed a commercial trade-based empire, with unifying roads and a postal system. Sargon made his daughter Enheduanna a high priestess of Nanna, Urs moon god. She was also a poet and is considered the world’s first author known by name, credited  with creating the paradigms of poetry, psalms, and prayers used throughout the ancient world that led to genres recognized in the present day. Death Sargon the Great is said to have died of natural causes around 2279 BCE and was succeeded by his son Rimush. Legacy Sargon Akkadian Empire lasted a century and a half, ending when it was displaced by the Gutian dynasty of Sumer during the 22nd century BCE. One of the results of Sargon’s conquests was the facilitation of trade. Sargon controlled the  cedar forests of Lebanon  and the silver mines of Anatolia, which provided valuable raw materials for trade in the  Indus Valley, as well as in civilizations in Oman and along the Gulf. The Akkadian Empire was the first political entity to make extensive use of bureaucracy and administration on a large scale, setting the standard for future rulers and kingdoms. The Akkadians developed the first postal system, constructed roads, improved irrigation systems, and advanced the arts and sciences. Sargon also is remembered for creating a society where the weak were protected. Stories say that during his reign, no one in Sumer had to beg for food, and widows and orphans were protected. Rebellions were common during his reign, though he reportedly said his enemies faced a â€Å"lion with teeth and claws.† Sargon the Great wasn’t regarded as a hero from humble beginnings who gained power to save his people, but his empire was considered a  Golden Age compared to those that followed. Sources Zettler, Richard L. Reconstructing the World of Ancient Mesopotamia: Divided Beginnings and Holistic History. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 2003.Sargon of Akkad: Familiar and Legendary Tales of a Famous Mesopotamian King. Ancient Origins.Sargon of Akkad. Ancient History Encyclopedia.Sargon: Ruler of Mesopotamia. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Africa facing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Africa facing - Essay Example t under developed countries, 37 of them are countries in Africa (Krabacher, Kalipeni & Layachi 3)Indeed Africa is underdeveloped and a majority of its member countries are considered by the outside world as third world counties. This can be attributed to a number of factors. One significant factor that has affected Africa is the presence of poor governance and corruption among government officials in most of its member countries. These leaders steal the country’s wealth running the continent dry. Another factor that has attributed to Africa’s poor economy is pandemics especially HIV/AIDs. HIV/AIDs as killed a lot of people in Africa hence limiting its workforce (Krabacher, Kalipeni & Layachi 3). Governments have used billions of dollars in trying to eradicate the disease. This money could have been used for development. Another factor that has led to the underdevelopment of Africa is wars and conflicts. Countries have fort both internally and with each other with the aim of controlling mineral resources. This has in turn scared investors away hence limiting the growth of Africa’s economy. Poor climate and inappropriate agriculture methods are another key factor that has limited Africa’s growth. This is because most of the African lands are covered with arid and semi-arid areas. Where there is good climate in Africa, people use poor farming methods which encourage soil erosion which renders land unsuitable for cultivation. Small scale farming is also a problem in Africa since most people do not produce food for economic purposes. However, Africa is rising up, and its economy is rising steadily. African countries are taking measures to rid themselves of corruption and poor leadership. They are setting up commissions to investigate corrupt leaders and promote civic education on the choosing of appropriate leaders, governments are also investing a lot on infrastructure which is in turn attracting investors hence increasing its economy. Governments are also

Toyota 2010 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toyota 2010 - Term Paper Example This meant that the driver would not always be able to stop the car when he pulled the brakes consequently causing serious accidents (Jackwin, 2010). The second recall was made on January 21, 2010. Numerous crashes were reported which could not be explained by the floor mat incursion. Research indicated problems with the mechanical sticking of the accelerator pedal which Toyota labels sticking accelerator pedal. After a series of research findings Toyota recalled approximately 5.2 million vehicles with regards to the floor mat problem and an additional 2.3 million with regards to the accelerator problem (Stewart, 2010). These decisions were a result of numerous investigations carried out by Toyota along with the U.S. NHTSA and Japanese transport ministry. After numerous complaints being filed, US safety regulators carried out an investigation into Corolla steering complaints on Feb 17, 2010. The biggest challenge facing the investigators was to differentiate between accidents caused by mechanical or technical faults in the vehicles and those that were merely a result of driver error. Both the Wall Street Journal and USA Today suggested that even when the dealers and automakers realized the cause was driver error it was not always possible for them to say it explicitly, so as to avoid appearing insensitive to their customers (United States, 2010). Investigations were also carried out by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). The MLIT investigated on the sudden acceleration complaints and released its findings in February 2010. Revealing that out of the 134 cases logged by the ministry between 2007 and 2009, Toyota accounted for 38 cases. However it also stated that since Toyota’s market share was huge approximately 28% the rate found was not unusual. When confronted with the issue the president and CEO of Toyota Akio Toyoda issued a statement

A life in the day of Paul Harris Essay Example for Free

A life in the day of Paul Harris Essay I wake up 6:30 a. m. with my light going on and a very loud voice shouting, Get up Paul! Immediately or I will stop you from playing stupid games on your Playstation. (I find this one of my mothers most annoying habits. ) I eventually haul myself out of my bed and stagger to the bathroom, where I transform my self from Ape to human. Laura my adorable (if somewhat a pain), sister, is already dressed and downstairs feeding our cat Bobby. Dad is blocking the stairs putting his shoes on as he advances to work for another day in the bank. Mum is busy juggling the washing machine, the toaster, packed lunch and signing my planner. Just as I think it is safe to come down stairs, to have a tasty breakfast of Coco Pops, my mum would start practicing Opera, for her lesson on Friday lunch time. I dont particularly like Opera, I prefer Punk rock, my favourite band is Blink 182 and my favourite song is, All the small things. The trip to school is fun and exciting with lots of little alloy ways to get lost in. The ride on the train is an exciting but short journey from Hightown station towards Freshfeld station via Formby station. I walk to school from there with my best friend Jamie Hall, who has his hair up spiked and also likes Punk rock. We both share a big interest in computers and we are both going to build a computer individually. School is a mixture of excitement and work (education). This year I have taken a great interest in my education because it is the start of my G. C. S. Es. A time of hard work to get qualifications. I particularly have to work at English, but Im lucky because my English teacher is a good teacher, who teaches the class properly. I enjoy I. T because it is full of interesting facts about computers and when the teachers not looking, I start playing games like Sonic the Hedgehog. Maths is a good subject because I can do the work, at the moment. I sit next to Michael Roberts who can be good fun but gets moody sometimes (we all have faults and mine is that I rush things). At breaks I walk round the school mumbling about computers or games with Jamie. Sometimes I play a game called manhunt with a few of my other friends, like Ashlee Rowe. It is a physical game that involves chasing people and catching them. When it is time to leave school, I wait for my friend Allister in year ten, (we live next door to each other). We get the train together; Allister is more obsessed about computers than I am, but he adores games and I love all aspects of computers. When I get home, my homework comes first before any thing else, so I do it, have something to eat, before my horrible task of ironing my Army cadets uniform. I go to cadets with a friend from school called Danny; He can be a bit strange at times because he makes noises with his mouth. Cadets is enjoy full because I love the Army and the activities I do (Im not the best at shooting because Im short sighted). I think The Army will be my career as an officer or I might join the navy, as an engineering officer. For now I will think I will stay who I am. When dad gets home from a very stressful job, he is usually moody like a bear with a sore head, so I help him buy making him a brew of P. G Tips tea. At tea time I have to gulp my tea down so Im ready for cadets. My friend Chris Caralan picks me up for cadets he is 15 and has recently lost his lance corporal stripe for forgetting to go to annual camp. To night will be a brilliant night because I get to go in the best tank in the world, The Challenger 2. When we arrived at the Army camp it was there, the Challenger 2. A giant monster by its self, a khaki coloured snail with a thick layer of armour like a shell. It had two eyes both sides of the turret to give it character. When one of the officers turned on the engine it roared like a grizzly bear. We got a chance to gone in it and a guided tour. After a long exhausting day I finally get a chance to drop off at the land of nod.

American Authors: Building Character One Sentence at a Time Essay

Most of today's writers get their inspiration from other writers, whether it be present day authors or primitive. All of them have their own style of writing for their stories. Today we mostly see books about sparkling vampires and paranormal stories involving teenagers who investigate the issue. Back then, the stories had more of a meaning. Some of the stories were about the government, society, or their own personal life. Most of today's stories do not have a real meaning behind their stories, unlike the stories Olaudah Equiano, Anne Bradstreet, Jonathon Edwards, Patrick Henry, and William Bryant wrote. Each of these writers had their own writing approach and plot. However, there are writers who still write like Equiano, Bradstreet, Edwards, Henry, and Bryant. They were influenced by the famous authors I listed beforehand. These new authors have paved the way for present and future writers. Olaudah Equiano was an African American who wrote about the hardships he endured as a slave. Equiano was kidnapped and sold into slavery when he was eleven years old. He was very intelligent for a slave with no education. Olaudah encountered other hardships, like losing touch with his family and home life. He lost his sister quite a few times during his term as a slave, also. He saved up his money during his time of being a slave and eventually bought his own slaveryBefore Equiano bought his freedom, he acquired a skill for seamanship and traveled long distances. He was trained by his slave owner who was a captain at sea. Equiano documented his life by a journal. In his journal, titled â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa,† he had daily entries that described what was happening during his time ... ...ar would have never happened, we would not have liberty or a fully functioning government. We would also be void of free trade. Patrick Henry helped form the basis for today's society. All of these people have been extremely important to today's character. Each person has played a role in government and writing. They have all formed a basis for whatever they were working on. Without the ideas of government from Henry, we would have a different political system all together. Anne Bradstreet and William Cullen Bryant have helped piece together poetry. Anne and Jonathon catapulted religious views. Bradstreet and Equiano helped people understand that not everyone leads a perfectly happy life and many were mistreated. Olaudah Equiano was vastly important to the abolition of slavery. We have all of them to thank for the society, government, and literature we have today.

Ptlls Equality and Diversity.

Throughout this essay I will look at and discuss the issues of equality and diversity. I will also look at ways to promote inclusion with the learner, and how to meet their needs; I will provide evidence and give examples of this. ‘Each of your learners is an individual who should be treated as an equal and with respect’ Wilson, L. (2008. pg. 27) As a lecturer it is essential to show equality in the learning environment. A lecturer must always treat all learners equally and try not to show favouritism. All learners should treat each other with professional courtesy and respect due to learners themselves needing to feel safe in the environment and feel like they too are being treated with respect. Also, both learners from different backgrounds and with different personalities need to be accepted within the learning environment. It is also important that when displaying any posters or using any learning materials that you do not stereotype people and that it is free from inappropriate use of language that may cause offence . For example you would avoid using words like ‘manpower or ‘blackboard’ as this may offend a learner of certain race or gender in the class. ‘Teachers must know how to treat individual children; and there is great skill and subtlety in knowing when to confront or when to ignore certain behaviour’. Cullingford, C. (1995. Pg. 109) Diversity is to know and value the differences between individuals and ensuring they are not being excluded and participating within the classroom. You are then including everyone; this will then show good practice of inclusion. For example if you have a learner with special educational needs; to help the inclusion of that learner, a use of an LSA to help support that learner may be appropriate. The lecturer must have a positive attitude and have willing staff to be activity involved with the learners. As a lecturer you should set targets that suit the individual learner’s needs. Also, the learner should have a key person with who they can go to, for extra support. The lessons must be also be planned with flexibility to allow for all different types of learners you may have. As a lecturer you must meet the potential needs of your learner. For example, if you have a learner in a wheelchair then you need to adapt your lesson to suit. You could do this by ensuring that the learning environment has been customized to facilitate the needs of that learner; for example, a lower-ground classroom could be used. To summarise, it is very important that the lecturer and the learners treat each other equally and with respect. The lecturer must understand the individual’s needs and accommodate the learning environment to suit them in a way to promote inclusion. Therefore, all learners should be included and have the additional support when needed.

Family: the Foundation of a Strong Society

Family: The Foundation of a Strong Society â€Å"We the people of the Unites States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity† (The Preamble to the American Constitution). Of the five principles that are stated in the Preamble, one is fundamentally unique and that is to promote the general Welfare. The responsibility to promote the common good rests not just with the government, but with all citizens.Our Founding Fathers established all the rights in the Constitution not for the individual's gain, but for the common good. Marriage is important because it affirms what our Founding Fathers understood; the purpose for this country is to use our freedoms to promote the common good. There is no question that marriage is beneficial to society because it promotes the common good for children, adults, and society. The evidence exists to show that children who are raised by their biological, married parents are more likely to become happy, healthy, and morally upright citizens in the future.According to one study, â€Å"fathers who are involved in their child’s life produce children who have better emotional health, do better academically, and attain higher job status as adults† (Carlson, Corcoran 783). Other studies have shown that â€Å"adults who believed their mother was accessible and devoted to them in childhood were less likely to suffer from depression and low self-esteem as adults. They were also found to be more resilient in dealing with life changing events† (Hojat 213).Children need to know that their parents are always there for them. Life has enough pressures on its own without having to deal with uninvolved parents. According to a 2003 Gallup Poll, most adults desire to marry and have children, so adults, too, are able to enjoy many benefits of marriage. On e benefit of marriage is greater wealth and higher incomes. â€Å"One study found that married men earn approximately 22 percent more than men who never married† (Stratton 210). Not only do married men enjoy a higher income, they may enjoy better health.According to a study in 2000 it was discovered that â€Å"married persons have the lowest occurrences of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease† (Pienta, Hayward, Jenkins 575). Benefits of marriage do not only affect men, but marriage also affects women. A U. S. Department of Justice report in May 2000 found that married women had lower rates of violent abuse by a spouse, while divorced women had the highest rates of violence by their spouse, ex-spouse or boyfriend. The social, health, and economic aspects of marriage are additional benefits that lead to stronger communities and a stronger society.Married women are less likely to turn to abortion than unmarried women. Research performed by the Center for Bio-Ethical Reform states that, â€Å"64. 4% of all abortions are performed on never-married women; Married women account for 18. 4% of all abortions and divorced women obtain 9. 4%. † Therefore, human life is protected. With fewer abortions, each stage of life is more likely to have greater impact in every phase of life. Not only is life valued more, but so is independence from outside influences. Strong marriages result in less dependency upon the government.According to a recent study by Bridgette Maher, â€Å"divorce in America costs taxpayers $33. 3 billion per year. † Married couples also tend to show greater responsibility in life than do their single counterparts. Another study showed â€Å"People who are married are more likely than their unmarried counterparts to vote, volunteer and become involved in church and the schools† (Keyes). Over the years, marriage has been severely weakened by societal pressures. We have allowed the definition of marriag e to be re-defined. Lifelong, monogamous marriages must become the accepted normalcy.Marriage should be a place of refuge for all of its members and a haven for children. Marriage is hard work and takes much give and take in each relationship. However, marriage is justified by the many social and economic benefits for children, adults and society and is therefore a foundation of a strong society. American automobile executive, Lee Iacocca, sums it up, â€Å"The only rock I know that stays steady, the only institution I know that works is the family. † Works Cited â€Å"Abortion Statistics. † The Center for Bio-Ethical Reform. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. Who's having abortions (marital status)? 64. 4% of all abortions are performed on never-married women; Married women account for 18. 4% of all abortions and divorced women obtain 9. 4%. Carlson, Marcia J. , and Mary E. Corcoran. â€Å"Family Structure and Children's Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes. † Journ al of Marriage and Family 63. 3 (2001): 779-92. Print. For example studies have shown that fathers that are involved in their child’s life produce children who have better emotional health, do better academically, and attain higher job status as adults.Henshaw, S. K. â€Å"Unintended Pregnancy in the United States. † Family Planning Perspectives 30. 1 (1998): 24-29. Web. Most women getting abortions (83%) are unmarried; 67% have never married, and 16% are separated, divorced, or widowed. Married women are significantly less likely than unmarried women to resolve unintended pregnancies through abortion. Hojat, Mohammadreza. â€Å"Satisfaction With Early Relationships With Parents and Psychosocial Attributes in Adulthood: Which Parent Contributes More? † The Journal of Genetic Psychology 159. (1998): 203-20. Print. Other studies have shown that adults who believed their mother was accessible and devoted to them in childhood were less likely to suffer from depressi on and low self-esteem as adults. They were also found to be more resilient in dealing with life changing events. Keyes, Corey L. M. â€Å"Social Civility in the United States. † Sociological Inquiry 72. 3 (2002): 393-408. Print. People who are married are more likely than their unmarried counterparts to vote, volunteer and become involved in church and the schools.Maher, Bridgette. â€Å"The Benefits of Marriage. † The Benefits of Marriage. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 Oct. 2012. . According to a recent study, divorce in America costs taxpayers $33. 3 billion per year. David G. Schramm, â€Å"What Could Divorce Be Costing Your State? The Costly Consequences of Divorce in Utah: The Impact on Couples, Communities, and Government,† A Preliminary Report, June 25, 2003, Publication in Process, Department of Family, Consumer, and Human Development, Utah State University. Pienta, A. M. , M.D. Hayward, and K. R. Jenkins. â€Å"Health Consequences of Marriage for the Retireme nt Years. † Journal of Family Issues 21. 5 (2000): 559-86. Print. Another study in 2000, found that married persons have the lowest occurrences of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. Stratton, Leslie S. â€Å"Examining The Wage Differential For Married And Cohabiting Men. † Economic Inquiry 40. 2 (2002): 199-212. Print. One study found that married men earn approximately 22 percent more than men who never married.

Gattaca - true hero essays

Gattaca - true hero essays WHO IS THE REAL HERO IN THIS FILM?..... A Hero is defined as a person who displays courage or noble qualities, or the main/principal character in a story, film or poem. This definition sums up Vincent/Jerome perfectly. Not only is he the character whom the movie is based on but too someone who shows courage, strength and persistence in achieving his dream. Vincent refused to play the hand he was dealt and with little hesitation went to all extremes to transform himself into a more superior member of society, a valid, Jerome Morrow. In doing so, a height adjustment was required and after going through the torturing procedure, the genetically made Jerome never questioned Vincents commitment and determination in pursuing his dream. When Vincent/Jeromes position as a navigator on the launch for Titan was confirmed, Vincent/Jerome and Eugene celebrated as all their hard work has paid off. As Eugene was getting put to bed, he slurred Im proud of you Vincent being the first time he publicly acknowledged all Vincent/Jerome had achieved. It is evident throughout the film that Eugene admires Vincent/Jeromes strength of mind in striving for his goal despite his genetic make-up and burden of imperfection. Vincent/Jerome proved many people wrong by out doing his potential as he wasnt satisfied with the fact he couldnt live like a valid. He had the willpower that Eugene lacked but didnt have the blood type that would allow his dream to come true, so they thought. Vincent/Jeromes parents believed they would out-live their unhealthy, godchild and the Janitor too believed that it was impossible for a natural birth such as Vincent/Jerome to be a part of Gattaca. It was Vincent/Jeromes courage and attitude towards life that defied the odds and made him succeed. He admitted he ...

Learn How to Make a Chinese Toast

Learn How to Make a Chinese Toast Whether you’re ringing in Chinese New Year with a bottle of champagne, making a toast at a wedding, or casually drinking ç™ ½Ã©â€¦â€™ (bijiÇ”, a popular type of Chinese alcohol) with your friends, knowing a few Chinese toasts to say will always liven the mood. Here is a beginners guide to short Chinese toasts and other Chinese drinking culture tips. What to Say ä ¹ ¾Ã¦  ¯Ã‚  (GÄ nbÄ“i), literally translating into dry your cup, essentially means cheers. This phrase can either be  a very casual toast or sometimes this toast is an indication for each person to empty the glass in one gulp. If it is the latter case, this only applies to men ​during the first round of drinks at the beginning of the night, and women are only expected to take a sip. éš ¨Ã¦â€ž Ã‚  (Suà ­yà ¬) literally translates to at random or arbitrarily. But with regards to giving a toast, it also means cheers. This toast indicates you want each person to drink as he or she wishes. è  ¬Ã¥ £ ½Ã§â€ž ¡Ã§â€"†Â  (Wn shà ²u wà º jiÄ ng) is a toast used to wish for longevity and health. What to Do Now that you know what to say, how do you actually give a toast? When giving a toast in Chinese, raise your glass as you give the toast. Depending on where you are, your fellow drinkers will either raise their glasses and then drink, clink glasses and then drink, or tap the bottom of the glasses against the table and then drink. If you are giving a toast with a table full of people, it is not expected that anyone clink glasses. But there will be times when you find yourself clinking glasses with an individual. If that person is your superior, it is customary that you touch the rim of your glass below the rim of their glass. To exaggerate that you acknowledge this persons higher status, touch the rim of your glass to the bottom of their glass. This custom is especially important when it comes to business meetings. Who Makes the Toast? The host of the party or meeting will be the first to make the toast. It is considered rude if anyone besides the host makes the first toast. The host will also give the last toast to indicate that the event is coming to an end.   Now that you know how to give a Chinese toast, drink up and enjoy socializing!

University of Cape Town MBA Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

University of Cape Town MBA Application - Essay Example This essay is aimed to provide an application paper to the Masters of Business Administration school in Cape Town. The researcher states that, first of all, one requires several types of preparation before entering a program of such demanding nature. This partly refers to the academic and skill-related preparation, which is required in order to facilitate the learning process that is involved in the Masters of Business Administration program. However, it also refers to the mental preparation and the background research that one needs to do before embarking on such an intense journey. The researcher endeavored to prepare himself in each of these aspects before entering the program. The researcher believes that his Mathematics refresher course at Kaplan has contributed to his academic and skill-related preparation, as has his Masters of Business Administration preparation course for universities. Apart from this, the researcher also consulted several professionals in this field for adv ice as well as mental preparation about what to expect from this program. This advice was especially useful coming from some of the UCT the Masters of Business Administration alumni whom he spoke too. Each of them had several tips and advice to share with the researcher, and they assured him of the rewarding experience that it was, mainly due to its challenging nature. After this thorough preparation in both mental and skill-related aspects, the researcher feels equipped to embark on this journey and look forward to the experience.